Drug and Alcohol Use

HEROIN

• CSA Schedules: Substance I
• Trade or Other Names: Diamorphine, Horse, Smack, Black tar, Chiva, Negra (black tar)
• Medical Uses: None in U.S., Analgesic, Antitussive
• Dependence
  • Physical: High
  • Psychological: High
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 3-4
• Usual Method: Injected, snorted, smoked
• Possible Effects: Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea
• Effects of Overdose: Slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills and sweating

MORPHINE

• CSA Schedules: Substance II
• Trade or Other Names: MS-Contin, Roxanol, Oramorph SR, MSIR
• Medical Uses: Analgesic
• Dependence
  • Physical: High
  • Psychological: High
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 3-12
• Usual Method: Oral, injected
• Possible Effects: Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea
• Effects of Overdose: Slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills and sweating

HYDROCODONE

• CSA Schedules: Substance II, Product III, V
• Trade or Other Names: Hydrocodone w/ Acetaminophen, Vicodin, Vicoprofen, Tussionex, Lortab
• Medical Uses: Analgesic, Antitussive
• Dependence
  • Physical: High
  • Psychological: High
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 3-6
• Usual Method: Oral
• Possible Effects: Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea
• Effects of Overdose: Slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills and sweating

HYDRO-MORPHONE

• CSA Schedules: Substance II
• Trade or Other Names: Dilaudid
• Medical Uses: Analgesic
• Dependence
  • Physical: High
  • Psychological: High
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 3-4
• Usual Method: Oral, injected
• Possible Effects: Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea
• Effects of Overdose: Slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills and sweating

OXYCODONE

• CSA Schedules: Substance II
• Trade or Other Names: Roxicet, Oxycodone w/ Acetaminophen, OxyContin, Endocet, Percocet, Percodan
• Medical Uses: Analgesic
• Dependence
  • Physical: High
  • Psychological: High
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 3-12
• Usual Method: Oral
• Possible Effects: Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea
• Effects of Overdose: Slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills and sweating

CODEINE

• CSA Schedules: Substance II, Products III, V
• Trade or Other Names:  Acetaminophen, Guaifenesin or Promethazine w/Codeine, Fiorinal, Fioricet or Tylenol w/Codeine
• Medical Uses: Analgesic, Antitussive
• Dependence
  • Physical: Moderate
  • Psychological: Moderate
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 3-4
• Usual Method: Oral, injected
• Possible Effects: Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea
• Effects of Overdose: Slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills and sweating

OTHER NARCOTICS

• CSA Schedules: Substance II, III, IV
• Trade or Other Names:  Fentanyl, Demerol, Methadone, Darvon, Stadol, Talwin, Paregoric, Buprenex
• Medical Uses: Analgesic, Antidiarrheal, Antitussive
• Dependence
  • Physical: High-Low
  • Psychological: High-Low
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): Variable
• Usual Method: Oral, injected, snorted, smoked
• Possible Effects: Euphoria, drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted pupils, nausea
• Effects of Overdose: Slow and shallow breathing, clammy skin, convulsions, coma, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors, panic, cramps, nausea, chills and sweating

DEPRESSANTS

GAMMA HYDROXBUTYRIC ACID

• CSA Schedules: Substance I, Product III
• Trade or Other Names: GHB, Liquid Ecstasy, Liquid X, Sodium Oxybate, Xyrem®
• Medical Uses: None in U.S., Anesthetic
• Dependence
  • Physical: Moderate
  • Psychological: Moderate
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 3-6
• Usual Method: Oral
• Possible Effects: Slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without odor of alcohol, impaired memory of events, interacts with alcohol
• Effects of Overdose: Shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, coma, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsions, possible death

BENZODIAZEPINES

• CSA Schedules: Substance IV
• Trade or Other Names: Valium, Xanax, Halcion, Ativan, Restoril, Rohypnol (Roofies, R-2), Klonopin
• Medical Uses: Antianxiety, Sedative, Anticonvulsant, Hypnotic, Muscle Relaxant
• Dependence
  • Physical: Moderate
  • Psychological: Moderate
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 1-8
• Usual Method: Oral, injected
• Possible Effects: Slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without odor of alcohol, impaired memory of events, interacts with alcohol
• Effects of Overdose: Shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, coma, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsions, possible death

OTHER DEPRESSANTS

• CSA Schedules: Substance I, II, III, IV
• Trade or Other Names: Ambien, Sonata, Meprobamate, Chloral Hydrate, Barbiturates, Methaqualone (Quaalude)
• Medical Uses: Antianxiety, Sedative, Hypnotic
• Dependence
  • Physical: Moderate
  • Psychological: Moderate
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 2-6
• Usual Method: Oral
• Possible Effects: Slurred speech, disorientation, drunken behavior without odor of alcohol, impaired memory of events, interacts with alcohol
• Effects of Overdose: Shallow respiration, clammy skin, dilated pupils, weak and rapid pulse, coma, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Anxiety, insomnia, tremors, delirium, convulsions, possible death

STIMULANTS

COCAINE

• CSA Schedules: Substance II
• Trade or Other Names: Coke, Flake, Snow, Crack, Coca, Blanca, Perico, Nieve, Soda
• Medical Uses: Local anesthetic
• Dependence
  • Physical: Possible
  • Psychological: High
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 1-2
• Usual Method: Snorted, smoked, injected
• Possible Effects: Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased pulse rate & blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite
• Effects of Overdose: Agitation, increased body temperature, hallucinations, convulsions, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression, disorientation

AMPHETAMINE/METH-AMPHETAMINE

• CSA Schedules: Substance II
• Trade or Other Names: Crank, Ice, Cristal, Krystal Meth, Speed, Adderall, Dexedrine, Desoxyn
• Medical Uses: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, weight control
• Dependence
  • Physical: Possible
  • Psychological: High
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 2-4
• Usual Method: Oral, injected, smoked
• Possible Effects: Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased pulse rate & blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite
• Effects of Overdose: Agitation, increased body temperature, hallucinations, convulsions, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression, disorientation

METHYLPHENIDATE

• CSA Schedules: Substance II
• Trade or Other Names: Ritalin (Illy's), Concerta, Focalin, Metadate
• Medical Uses: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
• Dependence
  • Physical: Possible
  • Psychological: High
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 2-4
• Usual Method: Oral, injected, snorted, smoked
• Possible Effects: Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased pulse rate & blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite
• Effects of Overdose: Agitation, increased body temperature, hallucinations, convulsions, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression, disorientation

OTHER STIMULANTS

• CSA Schedules: Substance III, IV
• Trade or Other Names: Adipex P, Ionamin, Prelu-2, Didrex, Provigil
• Medical Uses: Vasoconstriction
• Dependence
  • Physical: Possible
  • Psychological: Moderate
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 2-4
• Usual Method: Oral
• Possible Effects: Increased alertness, excitation, euphoria, increased pulse rate & blood pressure, insomnia, loss of appetite
• Effects of Overdose: Agitation, increased body temperature, hallucinations, convulsions, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Apathy, long periods of sleep, irritability, depression, disorientation

HALLUCINOGENS

MDMA AND ANALOGS

• CSA Schedules: Substance I
• Trade or Other Names: (Ecstasy, XTC, Adam), MDA (Love Drug), MDEA (Eve), MBDB
• Medical Uses: None
• Dependence
  • Physical: None
  • Psychological: Moderate
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 4-6
• Usual Method: Oral, snorted, smoked
• Possible Effects: Heightened senses, teeth grinding and dehydration
• Effects of Overdose: Increased body temperature, electrolyte imbalance, cardiac arrest
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Muscle aches, drowsiness, depression, acne

LSD

• CSA Schedules: Substance I
• Trade or Other Names: Acid, Microdot, Sunshine, Boomers
• Medical Uses: None
• Dependence
  • Physical: None
  • Psychological: Unknown
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 8-12
• Usual Method: Oral
• Possible Effects:  Illusions and hallucinations, altered perception of time and distance
• Effects of Overdose: (LSD) Longer, more intense "trip" episodes
• Withdrawal Syndrome: None

PHENCYCLIDINE AND ANALOGS

• CSA Schedules: Substance I, II, III
• Trade or Other Names: PCP, Angel Dust, Hog, Loveboat, Ketamine (Special K), PCE, PCPy, TCP
• Medical Uses: Anesthetic (Ketamine)
• Dependence
  • Physical: Possible
  • Psychological: High
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 1-12
• Usual Method: Smoked, oral, injected, snorted
• Possible Effects:  Illusions and hallucinations, altered perception of time and distance
• Effects of Overdose: Unable to direct movement, feel pain, or remember
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Drug seeking behavior *Not regulated

OTHER HALLUCINOGENS

• CSA Schedules: Substance I
• Trade or Other Names: Psilocybe mushrooms, Mescaline, Peyote Cactus, Ayahausca, DMT, Dextromethorphan* (DXM)
• Medical Uses: None
• Dependence
  • Physical: None
  • Psychological: None
  • Tolerance: Possible
• Duration (Hours): 4-8
• Usual Method: Oral
• Possible Effects:  Illusions and hallucinations, altered perception of time and distance
• Effects of Overdose: Unable to direct movement, feel pain, or remember
• Withdrawal Syndrome: Drug seeking behavior *Not regulated

CANNABIS

MARIJUANA

• CSA Schedules: Substance I
• Trade or Other Names: Pot, Grass, Sinsemilla, Blunts, Mota, Yerba, Grifa
• Medical Uses: None
• Dependence
  • Physical: Unknown
  • Psychological: Moderate
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 2-4
• Usual Method: Smoked, oral
• Possible Effects: Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetite, disorientation
• Effects of Overdose: Fatigue, paranoia, possible psychosis
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Occasional reports of insomnia, hyperactivity, decreased appetite

TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL

• CSA Schedules: Substance I, Product III
• Trade or Other Names: THC, Marinol
• Medical Uses: Antinauseant, Appetite stimulant
• Dependence
  • Physical: Yes
  • Psychological: Moderate
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 2-4
• Usual Method: Smoked, oral
• Possible Effects: Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetite, disorientation
• Effects of Overdose: Fatigue, paranoia, possible psychosis
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Occasional reports of insomnia, hyperactivity, decreased appetite

HASHISH AND HASHISH OIL

• CSA Schedules: Substance I
• Trade or Other Names: Hash, Hash oil
• Medical Uses: None
• Dependence
  • Physical: Unknown
  • Psychological: Moderate
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 2-4
• Usual Method: Smoked, oral
• Possible Effects: Euphoria, relaxed inhibitions, increased appetite, disorientation
• Effects of Overdose: Fatigue, paranoia, possible psychosis
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Occasional reports of insomnia, hyperactivity, decreased appetite

ANABOLIC STEROIDS

TESTOSTERONE

• CSA Schedules: Substance III
• Trade or Other Names: Depo Testosterone, Sustanon, Sten, Cypt
• Medical Uses: Hypogonadism
• Dependence
  • Physical: Unknown
  • Psychological: Unknown
  • Tolerance: Unknown
• Duration (Hours): 14-28 days
• Usual Method: Injected
• Possible Effects: Virilization, edema, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, acne, aggressive behavior
• Effects of Overdose: Unknown
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Possible depression

OTHER ANABOLIC STEROIDS

• CSA Schedules: Substance III
• Trade or Other Names: Parabolan, Winstrol, Equipose, Anadrol, Dianabol, Primabolin-Depo, DBall
• Medical Uses: Anemia, Breast cancer
• Dependence
  • Physical: Unknown
  • Psychological: Yes
  • Tolerance: Unknown
• Duration (Hours): Variable
• Usual Method: Oral, injected
• Possible Effects: Virilization, edema, testicular atrophy, gynecomastia, acne, aggressive behavior
• Effects of Overdose: Unknown
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Possible depression

INHALANTS

AMYL AND BUTYL NITRATES

• Trade or Other Names: Pearls, Poppers, Rush, Locker Room
• Medical Uses: Angina (Amyl)
• Dependence
  • Physical: Unknown
  • Psychological: Unknown
  • Tolerance: No
• Duration (Hours): 1
• Usual Method: Inhaled
• Possible Effects: Flushing, hypotension, headache
• Effects of Overdose: Methemoglobinemia
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Agitation

NITROUS OXIDE

• Trade or Other Names: Laughing gas, balloons, Whippets
• Medical Uses: Anesthetic
• Dependence
  • Physical: Unknown
  • Psychological: Low
  • Tolerance: No
• Duration (Hours): 0.5
• Usual Method: Inhaled
• Possible Effects: Impaired memory, slurred speech, drunken behavior, slow onset vitamin deficiency, organ damage
• Effects of Overdose: Vomiting, respiratory depression, loss of consciousness, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Trembling, anxiety, insomnia, vitamin deficiency, confusion, hallucinations, convulsions

OTHER INHALANTS

• Trade or Other Names: Adhesives, spray paint, hair spray, dry cleaning fluid, spot remover, lighter fluid
• Medical Uses: None
• Dependence
  • Physical: Unknown
  • Psychological: High
  • Tolerance: No
• Duration (Hours): 0.5-2
• Usual Method: Inhaled
• Possible Effects: Impaired memory, slurred speech, drunken behavior, slow onset vitamin deficiency, organ damage
• Effects of Overdose: Vomiting, respiratory depression, loss of consciousness, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Trembling, anxiety, insomnia, vitamin deficiency, confusion, hallucinations, convulsions

ALCOHOL

• Trade or Other Names: Beer, wine, liquor
• Medical Uses: None
• Dependence
  • Physical: High
  • Psychological: High
  • Tolerance: Yes
• Duration (Hours): 1-3
• Usual Method: Oral
• Possible Effects: Impaired memory, slurred speech, drunken behavior, slow onset vitamin deficiency, organ damage
• Effects of Overdose: Vomiting, respiratory depression, loss of consciousness, possible death
• Withdrawal Syndrome:  Trembling, anxiety, insomnia, vitamin deficiency, confusion, hallucinations, convulsions

For the substances/schedules and amounts:

• Cocaine (Schedule II): 500-4999 g mixture
• Cocaine Base (Schedule II): 28-279 g mixture
• Fentanyl (Schedule I): 40-399 g mixture
• Fentanyl Analogue (Schedule I): 10-99 g mixture
• Heroin (Schedule I): 100-999 g mixture
• LSD (Schedule I): 1-9 g mixture
• Methamphetamine (Schedule II): 5-49 g pure or 50-499 g mixture
• PCP (Schedule II): 10-99 g pure or 100-999 gm mixture

The penalties are:

• First Offense: Not less than 5 years, and not more than 40 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years or more than life. Fine of not more than $5 million if an individual, $25 million if not an individual.
• Second Offense: Not less than 10 years, and not more than life. If death or serious injury, life imprisonment. Fine of not more than $8 million if an individual, $50 million if not an individual.

For the substances/schedules and larger amounts:

• Cocaine (Schedule II): 5 kgs or more mixture
• Cocaine Base (Schedule II): 280 g or more mixture
• Fentanyl (Schedule IV): 400 g or more mixture
• Fentanyl Analogue (Schedule I): 100 g or more mixture
• Heroin (Schedule I): 1 kg or more mixture
• LSD (Schedule I): 10 g or more mixture
• Methamphetamine (Schedule II): 50 g more pure or 500 g or more mixture
• PCP (Schedule II): 100 g or more pure or 1 kg or more mixture

The penalties are:

• First Offense: Not less than 10 years, and not more than life. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years, or more than life. Fine of not more than $10 million if an individual, $50 million if not an individual
• Second Offense: Not less than 20 years, and not more than life. If death or serious injury, life imprisonment. Fine of not more than $20 million if an individual, $75 million if not an individual.
• 2 or More Prior Offenses: Life imprisonment. Fine of not more than $20 million if an individual, $75 million if not an individual.

For the substances/schedules and amounts:

• Other Schedule I and II Drugs (and any drug product containing Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid): any amount
• Flunitrazepam (Schedule I): 1 g

The penalties are:

• First Offense: Not more than 20 years. If death or serious injury, not less than 20 years, or more than life. Fine $1 million if an individual, $5 million if not an individual.
• Second Offense: Not more than 30 years. If death or serious injury, not less than life. Fine $2 million if an individual, $10 million if not an individual.

For Other Schedule III Substances in any amount, the penalties are:

• First Offense: Not more than 10 years. if death or serious bodily injury, not more than 15 years. ine not more than $500,000 if an individual, $2.5 million if not an individual.
• Second Offense: Not more than 20 years. If death or serious bodily injury, not more than 30 years. Fine not more than $1 million if an individual, $5 million if not an individual.

For Other Schedule IV Drugs (except for 1 g or more of Flunitrazepam) in any amount, the penalties are:

• First Offense: Not more than 5 years. Fine not more than $250,000 if an individual, $1 million if not an individual.
• Second Offense: Not more than 10 ears. Fine not more than $500,000 if an individual, $2 million if not an individual.

For All Schedule V Substances in any amount, the penalties are:

• First Offense: Not more than 1 year. Fine not more than $100,000 if an individual, $250,000 if not an individual.
• Second Offense: Not more than 4 years. Fine not more than $200,000 if an individual, $500,000 if not an individual.